Wednesday, June 9, 2010

brZola teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis XX s. 80-iani
wlebidan dRevandlamde

istoriuli mimoxilva _ saqarTvelos teritoriebis mitacebas odiTganve cdilobdnen mezobeli saxelmwifoebi.

gonieri da Ronieri mefeebis dros Cveni qveyana nikofsiidan darubandamde iyo gadaWimuli, ugunurTa xelSi ki nawil-nawil qucmacdeboda da ikargeboda misi ZirZveli teritoriebi. bizantia da irani, somxeTi Tu ruseTi – yvela umowyalod jijgnida Cvens samSoblos. samwuxarod, verc Cven SevZeliT saxelmwifo sazRvris dacva da misi SenarCuneba.
XX saukunis oTxmociani wlebis bolos, cxadi gaxda ra, rom sabWoTa kavSiri didxans veRar iarsebebda, sxvadasxva respublikebSi erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobebi daiwyo.
erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli
moZraobis dasawyisi _ am periodSi saqarTveloSi zviad gamsaxurdiasa da merab kostavas xelmZRvanelobiT, damoukideblobis moTxovniT masobrivi saprotesto aqciebi mimdinareobda. reaqciuli ruseTi giganturi sabWoTa imperiis daSlas ver egueboda da qarTuli erovnuli moZraobis CasaxSobad arafers erideboda.
1989 wlis 9 aprils rusTavelis gamzirze Sekrebili momitingeebi, romlebic saqarTvelos TviTmyofadobis aRdgenas moiTxovdnen, sabWoTa armiam sastikad daarbia. miuxedavad msxverplisa, qarTvelTa xalxma 1991 wlis 31 marts referendumze saqarTvelos mosaxleobis absoluturma umravlesobam kiTxvaze – Tanaxma iyo Tu ara, momxdariyo saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgena 1918 wlis 26 maisis damoukideblobis aqtis safuZvelze – dadebiTad upasuxa. 1991 wlis 9 aprils ki uzenaesma sabWom saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgenis aqti miiRo zviad gamsaxurdias meTaurobiT.
1991 wlis 26 maiss pirdapiri saprezidento arCevnebis safuZvelze saqarTvelos respublikis pirveli prezidenti gaxda zviad gamsaxurdia.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis aRdgeniT axali etapi daiwyo qarTveli eris istoriaSi.
osi da afxazi separatistebis gaaqtiureba _ moskovis waqezebiT TandaTan iZabeboda situacia jer oseTSi, Semdeg afxazeTSi. antiqarTul politikas unda dapirispireboda qarTveli xalxis mtkice erToba, magram samwuxarod, saqarTveloSi arsebuli sxvadasxva politikuri partiebi da erovnuli Zalebi ver gaerTiandnen. saxelisuflebo bloki ,,mrgvali magida – Tavisufali saqarTvelo“ gaiTiSa.
1992 wlis ianvarSi TbilisSi samxedro Zalis gamoyenebiT daemxo kanonieri xelisufleba. prezidentma gamsaxurdiam jer somxeTs, xolo Semdeg CeCneTs Seafara Tavi. Zalaufleba aiRo samxedro sabWom. kanonieri xelisuflebis gareSe darCenili saqarTvelo mZime mdgomareobaSi Cavarda.
samxedro gadatrialebam dasabami misca samoqalaqo oms qveyanaSi, ramac bevri qarTvelis sicocxle Seiwira.
moskovma Cveni qveynis kvlav damorCilebisTvis 90-ian wlebSi didi xnis win momzadebuli berketebi, 1919 da 1922 wlebSi swored am mizniT Seqmnili avtonomiebi gamoiyena. kremlis waqezebiT, 1990 wels jer kidev samxreT oseTisa da Semdeg afxazeTis separatistulma xelisuflebebma avtonomiuri erTeulebi damoukidebel respublikebad gamoacxades. saqarTvelos axlad mopovebuli damoukideblobisa da erTianobis safuZveli ruseTis mier provocirebulma orma omma Searyia. separatistebis mxardamxar Crdilo kavkasiidan daqiravebuli mebrZolebi da ruseTis Sinagani jarebis SenaerTebi ibrZodnen. Cveni qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobis SenarCunebisaTvis brZolebSi saqarTvelos 35000 moqalaqe daiRupa. 300 000 ki sakuTari saxlebidan gamoidevna.
Tumca, ruseTisagan afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis dagegmva saqarTvelos teritoriebis mitacebis pirveli SemTxveva ar yofila. sabWoTa imperiis Seqmnis pirvel xanebSi, kremlis miTiTebiT saqarTvelos 16 000 kvadratuli kilometri teritoria Camoscilda da mezoblebs gadaeca: Turqebs baTumis olqis samxreTi nawili xvda wilad, somxeTs – lore, azerbaijans – saingilo, eldarisa da garejis veli, ruseTs ki afxazeTis nawili (pilenkovo).
saqarTveloSi arasodes Sewyvetila erovnul–ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba. qarTveli xalxi verasodes egueboda Tavisuflebis dakargvas, miuxedavad imisa, rom ruseTis mmarTvelobam mas mSvidoba moutana, daSlili saxelmwifos sxvadasxva kuTxe ruseTis imperiis farglebSi kvlav gaaerTiana, qarTveloba evropis kulturas aziara da, bolos da bolos, fizikurad gadaarCina. erTi kia, petre pirvelis mier evropaSi gaWrili fanjara saqarTvelosTvis karad ver iqca. yoveli qarTvelis sasicocxlo ocneba damoukideblobis dabruneba iyo. ajanyebebi 1802 wlidan daiwyo da mxolod damoukideblobis dabrunebis Semdeg, 1990 wels dasrulda. Tumca dResac ar damTavrebula ruseTis mcdeloba – kvlav Tavis wiaRSi daabrunos Cveni qveyana, rac Tundac afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionebis aneqsirebis mcdelobaSi vlindeba kidec.
ruseTs, saerTod kavkasiaSi da kerZod, saqarTveloSi, erTi mizani hqonda – mosaxleobis mTliani garuseba. am amocanis Sesasruleblad aucilebeli iyo qarTuli erovnuli saxelmwifos daqucmaceba, erTiani erovnuli sistemis moSla. Bbunebrivia, naWer-naWer dayofili saqarTvelos garuseba ufro ioli iyo. am miznis ganxorcielebas ruseTi iq Seudga, sadac yvelaze susti adgili ipova. warsuli istoriuli pirobebis gamo es susti adgili swored afxazeTi aRmoCnda.
samxedro sabWos mmarTvelobis periodSi krizisi sul ufro mwvavdeboda. devnil prezidents zviad gamsaxurdias saqarTveloSi bevri mxardamWeri hyavda, romlebic agrZelebdnen brZolas. qveyana aSkarad gaiTiSa or nawilad – Zveli xelisuflebis momxreebad da samxedro sabWos mxardamWerebad. politikuri krizisi TbilisSi, romelsac bolo ar uCanda, xelsayrel pirobebs uqmnida afxaz da os separatistebs. sul ufro autaneli xdeboda qarTveli mosaxleobis mdgomareoba afxazeTsa da Sida qarTlSi (cxinvalis regionSi).
1989 wlis 25-26 agvitos soxumSi Sedga kavkasiis xalxTa pirveli forumi. es iyo pirdapiri mowodeba damoukidebeli qveynis teritoriis aneqsiisaken.
omi samaCabloSi _ 1989 10 noembers presaSi gaCaRebuli ideologiuri momzadebis Semdeg samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqis deputatTa sabWom miiRo gadawyvetileba olqis avtonomiur respublikad gardaqmnis Sesaxeb da amiT Tavad gaauqma avtonomiuri olqi. sapasuxod, saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesma sabWom gaauqma es gadawyvetileba.
cxinvalis qarTveli mosaxleobis mxardasaWerad zviad gamsaxurdias mowodebiT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan araformalur gaerTianebaTa didi kolona daiZra, romelsac cxinvalis SesasvlelTan gza gadauketes SeiaraRebulma osma boevikebma da rusma samxedroebma.

1990 wlis 20 seqtembers osma separatistebma cxinvalis regioni saqarTvelosgan damoukidebel 'e.w. ,,samxreT oseTis“ respublikad gamoacxada. 10 dekembers saqarTvelos umaRlesma sabWom ki gaauqma orive gadawyvetileba. amiT kanonTa omi TiTqos dasrulda, magram dapirispireba sisxlian konfliqtSi gadaizarda. 1991 wlis 5-6 ianvars mosaxleobis dasacavad da wesrigis dasamyareblad cxinvalis regionSi saqarTvelos miliciisa da gvardiis nawilebi iqna Seyvanili, romelsac adgilobrivi da Crdilo kavkasiis boevikebi daupirispirdnen.

maT ukan da maT gverdiT ruseTi idga Tavisi resursebiTa da samxedroebiT. konfliqtSi ruseTis CarTvis masStabi ufro da ufro izrdeboda. qarTvelma da osma mosaxleobam datova regioni.
,,1992 wlis ivnisSi dagomisSi Cemi da ruseTis prezidentis boris elcinis Sexvedris upirvelesi mizani – cxinvalis regionSi saomari moqmedebebis Sewyveta iyo. xelSekrulebiT SevTanxmdiT kidec, xolo am gadawyvetilebis Sesrulebaze kontrolis dasaweseblad sammxrivi komisia SevqmeniT, rasac osebic daeTanxmnen. cecxli Sewyda, magram komisiam ver SeZlo regionSi didi SeiaraRebisa da boevikebis sistemuri Semosvlis blokireba“ – ganacxada eduard SevardnaZem.
es regioni dResac rCeba saqarTveloSi destabilizaciis erT mTavar wyarod da qarTvelebi TavianT sacxovrisSi dResac ver dabrunebulan.
qveynis krizisidan gamoyvanis gzad qarTveli inteligenciis erTma nawilma moskovidan eduard SevardnaZis Camoyvana dasaxa. samxedro sabWom angariSi gauwia am moTxovnas. 1992 wlis martSi eduard SevardnaZe saqarTveloSi dabrunda. misi Camosvlis Semdeg samxedro sabWom Zalaufleba saxelmwifo sabWos gadasca. saxelmwifo sabWoSi, gansxvavebiT samxedro sabWosagan, Seyvanil iqnen politikuri partiebis, inteligenciisa da sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi. miuxedavad amisa, saxelmwifo sabWo mainc xelisuflebis aralegitimuri organo iyo. es arTulebda mravali gadaudebeli problemis mogvarebas, maT Soris qveynis teritoriuli mTlianobis dacvas. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sabWos Tavjdomare eduard SevardnaZe gaxda. Seqmnil viTarebaSi aucilebeli iyo umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo organos – parlamentis – arCevnebis Catareba. a.w. oqtomberSi gamarTuli arCevnebis Sedegad parlamentSi aRmoCnda TiTqmis yvela Zala, romelmac eduard SevardnaZesTan TanamSromloba ganizraxa. parlamentis Tavjdomares eduard SevardnaZes saxelmwifos meTauris funqciebi mieniWa.
afxazeTis omi da soxumis dacema _ 1990 wlis 31 maiss soxumSi gamarTulma kavkasiis mTielTa mitingma saqarTvelos Semadgenlobidan afxazeTis gasvla moiTxova.
25 agvistos afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos aralegitimurma sesiam reglamentis darRveviT (138 deputatidan sxdomas eswreboda 68) miiRo: ,,Декларация о государственном суверенитете Абхазской Советской Социалистической Республики“ da dadgenileba ,,О правовых гарантиях защиты государственности Абхазии“
meore dRes, 26 agvistos, saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumma Tavisi dadgenilebiT gaauqma afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesi sabWos 25 agvistos aqtebi, rogorc arasamarTlebrivi da SeniSna, rom isini arRveven saqarTvelos teritoriul mTlianobas da ewinaaRmdegebian mis konstitucias.
1991 wlis 9 ivliss afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis umaRlesma sabWom saqarTvelos maSindeli xelisuflebis TanxmobiT miiRo aparteiduli saarCevno kanoni. swored am aparteiduli meqanizmis wyalobiT, afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis uzenaesma sabWom, miiRo kanonebi da dadgenilebebi, romlebiTac SezRudes afxazeTSi saqarTvelos respublikis kanonTa moqmedeba da politikur – samarTlebrivi, samxedro safuZveli moumzades 1992-93 wlebis oms.
1992 wlis TebervalSi qarTuli samxedro SenaerTis myisierma marSma mdinare fsoumde usisxlod Caiara.
a.w. 23 ivliss arZinbas mier erTpirovnulad kontrolirebulma afxazeTis avtonomiis parlamentma xmaTa ubralo umravlesobiT Sewyvita 1978 wlis konstituciis moqmedeba. praqtikulad, es niSnavda saqarTvelos Semadgenlobidan afxazeTis gasvlas.
13-14 agvistos sadgur ingirTan sarkinigzo xidi aafeTqes. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos dasavleT saqarTvelosTan axla mxolod saavtomobilo gza akavSirebda da Tu am gzaze avtoxidsac aafeTqebdnen, es mTlianad mowyvetda qveynis am or nawils erTmaneTisagan.
yvelaferi keTdeboda imisTvis, rom saqarTvelo areuliyo da afxazeTi an mSvidobianad, an ZaliT CamoeSorebinaT qarTuli saxelmwifosaTvis.
1992 wlis zafxulis ganmavlobaSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi ganuwyvetliv grialebda afeTqebebi. diversiebis geografia moicavda samegrelos vrcel regions, magram gamoxdomebi upiratesad xdeboda afxazeTis teritoriidan. swored iq, galisa da oCamCiris raionebSi, ganlagda diversiuli saqmianobis ZiriTadi bazebi.
samegrelosa da afxazeTSi, gagris, bzifis, ganTiadis, gudauTis, drandis, galis, aCigvaras, salxinos, soxumis, eSeras, oCamCiris, ingiris, zugdidis da sxva rkinigzis sadgurebidan SeiaraRebuli TavdasxmiT gaitaces sxvadasxva saxelmwifosaTvis gankuTvnili miliardobiT maneTis produqcia. marto 1992 wlis pirvel naxevarSi dafiqsirda Tavdasxmebisa da afeTqebebis 1142 faqti.
1990-92 wlebis ganmavlobaSi avtonomiuri respublikis teritoriaze gegmazomierad asaxlebdnen sxvadasxva qveynidan Camosulebs. ,,moxaliseebs“ Crdilo kavkasiidan da ruseTis samxreTidan damqiraveblebi miwis nakveTs sTavazobdnen.
yvela da yvelaferi mzad iyo afxazeTSi omis dasawyebad da saqarTvelos dasaSlelad. mxolod axla SeiZleboda aRsrulebuliyo jer kidev 1919 wels denikinis mier gamocxadebuli survili soxumis olqis saqarTvelodan Camocilebisa da ,,ganuyofel ruseTTan“ mierTebisa.
Tengiz kitovanis TqmiT, 14 agvistos afxazeTSi SeiaraRebuli nawilis gadaadgileba araorganizebuli iyo.
saxelmwifo sabWos gadawyvetilebiT, 1992 wlis agvistoSi satransporto magistralis dacvis mizniT afxazeTSi Sevida qarTuli policia da jari. amasTan erTad gaTvaliswinebuli ar yofila, rom imxanad CvenTan saxelmwifo mxolod yalibdeboda, saxelmwifos struqturebi faqtobrivad an ar arsebobda, an mxolod Seqmnis procesSi imyofeboda, sustad organizebuli, saTanado SeiaraRebis aramqone jari provokaciebis Sedegad Cabmuli aRmoCnda sabrZolo moqmedebebSi. araorganizebuli da udisciplino nawilebi xSirad TviTneburadac moqmedebdnen, risi magaliTic iyo soxumis dakaveba. ase daiwyo omi afxazeTisaTvis. qarTuli mxare ar wyvetda moqmedebas afxazeTSi mSvidobis damyarebis mizniT.
1992 wlis 3 seqtembers elcinis iniciativiT samSvidobo xelSekrulebas moewera xeli. 20-25 seqtembers ruseTis federaciis uzenaesi sabWo uceremoniod Caeria saqarTvelos Sida saqmeebSi.
1 oqtombers gamsaxurdias momxreebma aiRes xobi.
2-3 oqtombers afxazeTis mxarem darRvia 3 seqtembris SeTanxmeba da afxazTa, rusTa da CrdilokavkasielTa razmebma axali rusuli samxedro teqnikiT, tankebiTa da aviaciiT gagras Seuties. zRvis akvatoria ruseTis samxedro-sazRvao Zalebis mier iyo blokirebuli.
mowinaaRmdeges didi upiratesoba hqonda da qarTvelTa Tavganwirvis miuxedavad, gagra daeca. swored aq gaJlites masobrivad qarTvelebi da aq – gagris stadionze, maTi moWrili Tavebi agoraves.
1993 wlis 17 marts orma moieriSe TviTmfrinavma Су-25-
ma q. soxumi dabomba.

1993 wlis 14 maiss soxumi kvlav gaxda samizne xmeleTidan, zRvidan, haeridan, oCamCiris raionSi ki kbilebamde SeiaraRebuli desanti gadmosxes, qalaqi blokadaSi aRmoCnda. sistematurma dabombvebma gamoiwvia 27 seqtembers soxumis dacema.
Jiuli Sartava da misi garemocva mTavrobis saxlSi iyvnen. Jiulim ar datova mTavrobis saxli. masTan erTad vinc iyo, nawili daiRupa, nawilma gamoaRwia. gmirulad daiRupnen Jiuli Sartava da misi TanamebrZolebi.
mosaxleobis erTi nawilis evakuacia zRviT mimdinareobda. bolo samaSvelo gemi rusuli sadesanto xomaldi iyo, romelmac soWSi orasi ltolvili gadaiyvana. iyo sahaero xidi – bolo TviTmfrinavma drandidan TbilisSi 120 bavSvi, qali da moxuci gadaiyvana. ltolvilebis ZiriTadma masam ki kodoris xeobiT uSvela Tavs.
omi ruseTTan afxazeTSi erT-erTi binZuri, Seubralebeli da araadamianuri omi iyo, romlis drosac, qarTvelobis niSniT sastikad awamebdnen da xocavdnen yvelas, uwvavdnen saxlebs, arTmevdnen qonebas da aiZulebdnen, daetovebinaT afxazeTi. Tovlian uReltexilze fexiTYgadmosvlisas gaiyina da daiRupa, ugzouklod daikarga aTiaTasobiT moqalaqe – bavSvi, qali, moxuci.
daxocilTa da daxvretilTa ricxvi 1992-1998 wlebSi: arazusti monacemebiT – 4465 mSvidobiani moqalaqe, maT garda dakargulia 147 kaci.
situacia aWaraSi _ saqarTvelos pirveli prezidentis, zviad gamsaxurdias mmarTvelobis droidan iRebs saTaves aslan abaSiZis feodaluri tipis reJimi. aslanma isargebla axalgazrda, damoukidebeli saxelmwifos winaSe arsebuli problemebiT da moaxerxa kanondarRveviT xelSi Caegdo aWaris uzenaesi sabWos Tavjdomaris posti, man male gamoaCina Tavisi realuri saxe da binZuri zraxvebi, roca avtonomiis gauqmebis pirobis Sesrulebis nacvlad, borotad gamoiyena mosaxleobis garkveuli nawilis religiuri ganwyoba da zviad gamsaxurdias saprotesto mitingebi gaumarTa, xolo mis momxreebs fizikurad gausworda da regionis sruli baton – patroni gaxda.
e. SevardnaZis totalur-korufciuli mmarTveloba

eduard SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis periodSi, rodesac mTel qveyanaSi totaluri korufciuli sistema da xelisufleba avtokratiuli gaxda, abaSiZem isargebla centraluri xelisuflebis uniaTobiT da moaxdina Zalauflebis sruli uzurpacia, ris Sedegadac man faqtiurad Seqmna damoukidebeli saxelmwifo – saxelmwifoSi. eduard SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis dros mTeli aTi wlis manZilze centraluri xelisufleba imdenad susti iyo, rom ver SeZlo Tavgasuli feodaluri azrovnebis mqone diqtatoris alagmva da amisTvis administraciuli berketebis gamoyeneba. piriqiT, prezidentisa da ministrebis voiaJebi aWaraSi, ,,aWaris lomTan“ saerTo enis gamonaxvis mizniT, roca regionis mmarTveli Tavisi mmarTvelobis periodSi erTxelac ar yofila TbilisSi, kidev ufro zrdida masSi dausjelobisa da TviTdajerebulobis rwmenas. yofil prezidents ar miumarTavs sakonstitucio samarTlisaTvis, rodesac regionis xelisufleba bevris uflebas aZlevda sakuTar Tavs da saqarTvelos sakonstitucio normebs ugulvebelyofda. aWaraSi centraluri xelisuflebis saxiT Seiqmna mtris xati, romelic aslan abaSiZis winaaRmdeg teroristuli aqtis ganxorcielebas gegmavda. da es miTi ganapirobebda avtokratiuli xelisuflebis arsebobas. imavdroulad 1999 wlis arCevnebma regionSi Caiara lozungiT – rom Tu prezident SevardnaZes da mis partias ar davuWireT mxari, modis Savbneli Zala, romelic qveyanas daRupavso, anu xelisuflebis SenarCunebisaTvis es viTareba SevardnaZesac aZlevda xels da abaSiZesac. amasobaSi ki egreT wodebuli opozicia am or Zalas Soris darboda imis mixedviT, Tu sad met sargebels naxavda.
am ukanonobas, romelic aWaraSi mimdinareobda bolo mouRo ,,vardebis revoluciam“ da xelisuflebaSi axali mTavrobis mosvlam, mixeil saakaSvilis meTaurobiT.
2003 wlis 23 noemberi, erT – erTi mniSvnelovani dRe iyo mravalWirnaxuli saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis. aTeulobiT aTasi adamianis samarTlianma risxvam aiZula eduard SevardnaZe, mieRo gadadgomis gadawyvetileba. SevardnaZis Zirmompali reJimi daeca da axali era daiwyo saqarTveloSi – epoqa SevardnaZis da misi politikis gareSe. yvela revolucias aqvs Tavisi gamomwvevi mizezebi, rogorc ekonomikuri, aseve politikuri xasiaTis. ,,vardebis revoluciamde“ ekonomiuri situacia xasiaTdeboda, rogorc uaRresad mZime. iyo masobrivi umuSevroba, socialuri daxmarebebis, Semweobebisa da xelfasebis gaucemloba. mosaxleobis naxevarze meti siRatakis zRvars qvemoT cxovrobda. evro sabWos daskvniT, sastikad iyo Selaxuli adamianis uflebebi, centralur xelisuflebas sam regionze – afxazeTze, aWarasa da samxreT oseTze kontroli hqonda dakarguli.
saqarTvelo warmoadgenda arSemdgari saxelmwifos klasikur magaliTs, rasac Tan erTvoda sazogadoebis sxvadasxva socialur jgufebad danawevreba, gansazRvruli ekonomikuri programebis ararseboba, seriozuli Secdomebi sakadro politikaSi, klanuri biznesi, yovlismomcveli korufcia, romelic yvelaze mokrZalebuli SefasebiT 80%-s aRwevda. Seqmnil viTarebas amZimebda separatizmis problemac – 90-iani wlebis dasawyisSi dakarguli afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis garda, defaqtod arsebobda damoukidebeli aWara, aslan abaSiZis meTaurobiT da problemuri samcxe -javaxeTi. yovelive am CamoTvlil mizezebs Tan daerTo 2003 wlis 2 noembris saparlamento arCevnebis gauqmeba, miuxedavad opoziciis mravalgzis gafrTxilebisa. am ukanonobam mosaxleobis sayovelTao aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia. 2003 wlis noemberSi TbilisSi, parlamentis Senobis win opoziciis mowodebis Semdeg eduard SevardnaZis xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg mravalaTasiani saprotesto gamosvlebi daiwyo. opoziciis liderebma mixeil saakaSvilis winamZRolobiT SesZles usisxlo revoluciis ganxorcieleba, romelic istoriaSi ,,vardebis revoluciis“ saxelwodebiT Sevida.
,,vardebis revolucia“

2004 wlis 4 ianvars gamarTul saprezidento arCevnebSi xmebis absulituri umravlesobiT (97%) mixeil saakaSvilma gaimarjva. 2004 wlis martSi gaimaTa saparlamento arCevnebi. arCevnebSi didi upiratesobiT gaimarjves nacional – demokratebma. saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavjdomared arCeul iqna nino burjanaZe, premier – ministrad dainiSna zurab Jvania.
,,vardebis revoluciis“ Semdeg, mSeneblobisa da ganviTarebis gzaze Semdgar qveyanas, sasicocxlo saSiSroebas uqmnida aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis xelmZRvaneli aslan abaSiZe da misi klani.
,,vardebis revoluciis“ triumfma, ara marto SokSi Caagdo abaSiZe, aramed ,,misma emisrebma“ Tavisi TvaliT ixiles, Tu ra Zalaa xalxis mSvidobiani protesti da imaSic darwmundnen, rom male aslansac igive bedi eloda, rac SevardnaZes. maT kargad esmodaT, rom nacionaluri moZraobis lideri da saqarTvelos momavali prezidenti, regionis mmarTvelis TviTnebobas ar Seegueboda da yvelafers gaakeTebda misi saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi dabrunebisaTvis. regionis mmarTvelma Tavi moikatuna, viTomda Seegua saqarTvelos axal realobas, centralur biujetTan angariSworeba daiwyo da xeli ar SeuSlia aWaraSi saprezidento arCevnebisaTvis, sadac sadac mixeil saakaSvilma mosaxleobis 90%-iani mxardaWera miiRo. am faqtma uaRresad SeaSfoTa morCilebas miCveuli aslan abaSiZe. es iyo pirveli maniSnebeli imisa, rom aWaris mosaxleoba mis mmarTvelobas da TviTnebobas aRar aitanda da saparlamento arCevnebze Tavis pozicias daafiqsirebda.
inauguraciamde ramdenime saaTiT adre saqarTvelos prezidentma ganacxada, rom is meore dRes apirebda aWaraSi Casvlas, raTa mTel msoflios daenaxa is, rom aWara iseTive regioni iyo saqarTvelosi, rogorc yvela danarCeni. baTumSi Casuli prezidentisadmi amJamad aslan abaSiZem viTom morCileba gamoiCina da aeroportSic daxvda, rac iZulebiTi zrdilobis gamoxatuleba gaxldaT, es imave saRamos gamoCnda.
samxedro aRlumisa da saakaSvilis foTSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg, aslan abaSiZis brZanebiT baTumSi sastikad daarbies nacionaluri moZraobis mxardamWerTa mSvidobiani Sekreba da es im dros, roca mopirdapire mxares regionis mmarTveli Tavis mxardamWerebs mouwodebda, rom ,,gardamaval etapze inertulebi ar yofiliyvnen“. am ambavTan dakavSirebiT ki mixeil saakaSvilma ganacxada, rom visac saqarTvelos erTianoba ar surda, saqarTvelo unda daetovebina.
aWaraSi ukve gaaqtiurebuli sazogadoebrivi azris ZaliT CaxSoba da moTviniereba ukve SeuZlebeli gaxda, Tumca regionis mmarTveli Zalis demonstrirebas ar iSlida da eduard SevardnaZisagan gansxvavebiT igi sakuTari Zalauflebis SenarCunebisaTvis sisxlisRvrasac ar erideboda.
saqarTvelos prezidenti, centrsa da avtonomias Soris arsebuli yvela sakiTxis saqarTvelos konstituciis farglebSi gadawyvetas cdilobda, regionis mmarTveli ki provokaciebs ar iSlida.
,,giorgoba aWaraSi“
2004 wlis 15 marts baTumSi dagegmili iyo opoziciis gamosvla. miuxedavad imisa, rom samiode dRis win opoziciis mitingi sastikad daarbies da moZraoba ,,Cemi aWaris“ ofisebi dalewes, azvirTebuli sazogadoebrivi azris daokebas ukve veraviTari barieri veRar SeZlebda. saqarTvelos prezidentma, romelmac Sesabamisi uwyebidan miiRo informacia, rom am dRes abaSiZis reJimi sisxlisRvras gegmavda, Zaladobis Tavidan asacileblad baTumSi Casvla gadawyvita. miuxedavad imisa, rom aWaris xelmZRvaneloba informirebuli iyo qveynis pirveli piris SesaZlo gadaadgilebis Sesaxeb, avtonomiuri respublikis SesasvlelTan – Coloqis xidTan, prezidentis mcirericxovan eskorts da dacvas aslan abaSiZem samasamde SeiaraRebuli piri, oTxi t-72 tipis tanki, qvemexebi, xolo zRvaze haubicebiTa da tyviamfrqvevebiT aRWurvili katarRebi daaxvedra. prezidentma incidentis Tavidan asacileblad, aWaraSi Sesvlaze uari ganacxada. amavdroulad aslanma moskovs samSvidobo Zalebis Semoyvana sTxova – es ki Ria separatistuli moqmedeba iyo. am faqtma mTel aWaraSi didi aRSfoTeba gamoiwvia, rasac aslanis xelisuflebam teroriT upasuxa. 2004 wlis 28 marts daniSnuli saparlamento arCevnebis saubno saarCevno komisiebSi momuSave ,,Cveni aWaris“ 2350 wevrs da maT ojaxebs mosTxoves, rom ocdaoTxi saaTis ganmavlobaSi daetovebinaT aWaris teritoria, qarTvelebs saqarTveloSi cxovrebis uflebas aRar aZlevdnen gansxvavebuli azris da Sexedulebebis gamo. centraluri xelisuflebis mxridan ekonomikuri blokadis amoqmedebam aslan abaSiZe aiZula garkveul daTmobebze wasuliyo. baTumSi parlamentis Tavjdomaris da uSiSroebis ministris Casvlis Semdeg gadawyda, rom prezidenti baTumSi Cavidoda.
meore dRes mixeil saakaSvili foTSi vertmfreniT daeSva da baTumisaken gezi manqaniT aiRo. ar darCenila arc erTi sofeli, romlis mosaxleobasac prezidents sixaruliT da yvavilebiT ar Sexvedroda. aseTi situacia iyo baTumamde. aWaris uzenaesi sabWos Senobis mimdebare teritoria mkacrad kontrolirdeboda SeiareRebli pirebis mier, iqve maxloblad ki abaSiZis mxardamWerTa mitingi imarTeboda. Sexvedra TiTqmis oTxi saaTis ganmavlobaSi gagrZelda. Sexvedraze SeTanxmdnen, rom aWaraSi dainiSneboda prezidentis warmomadgeneli, romelic adgilze gaakontrolebda situacias. yvela fiqrobda, rom am Sexvedris Semdeg, centrsa da regions Soris viTareba daregulirdeboda. Tavdapirvelad asec iyo. saqarTvelos prezidentma aWaris regionis winaaRmdeg SemoRebuli ekonomikuri SezRudvebic ki gaauqma, amis sanacvlod ki aslan abaSiZes baTumis portsa da sarfis sabaJoze prezidentis piradi warmomadgenlebisaTvis muSaobis saSualeba unda mieca, romlebsac, Tavis mxriv, am obieqtebis saqmianoba unda gaekontrolebinaT. magram am SeTanxmebis Sesruleba ver moxerxda, aWaris mmarTvelis morigi axirebis gamo. ,,baTumisa da sarfis sabaJoze im SemTxvevaSi davuSveb prezidentis warmomadgenlebs, Tu Cemi warmomadgenlebi dainiSnebian foTis portze da valis sabaJoze“ – ganacxada aslan abaSiZem. prezidentis warmomadgenlebi ukan iqnen gamowveulni.
aslan abaSiZis morigma ultimatumma centraluri xelisufleba daarwmuna, rom meTodebi, romliTac is moqmedebda regionis mmarTvelis mimarT, araefeqturi iyo. dro iyo gadamwyveti zomebi yofiliyo miRebuli, Torem Semrigebloba teritoriulad danawevrebul qveyanas axal safrTxes uqmnida, rac Cveni CrdiloeTeli mezoblis politikur interesebSi Sedioda, romlis parlamenti ise msjelobda aWaris regionze, TiTqos igi misi ganuyofeli nawili iyo, xolo rusuli politikis ,,mSveneba“, liberalur – demokratiuli partia da misi lideri vladimer Jirinovski, saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebiT imdenad iyo ,,SeSfoTebuli“, rom Cveni qveynis saelCos win moskovSi saprotesto aqcias marTavda mowodebiT ,,xelebi Sors aWarisagn“.
saqarTvelos axalma xelisuflebam Zvelisagan gansxvavebiT erTi SexedviT sarisko, magram swori midgoma gamoiCina daZabuli viTarebis gansamuxtavad, dadga dro regionis mmarTvelobas egrZno, rom dasrulda epoqa, rodesac ,,aRorZineba“ da aslan abaSiZe aWaris mosaxleobis saxeliT laparakobda. Semdgomi aTi dRis ganmavlobaSi viTareba kidev ufro daiZaba. diqtatoruli reJimis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli saprotesto demonstraciis ara erTma monawilem jamrTelobisaTvis saSiSi dazianeba miiRo mitingebis Zaladobrivi darRvevis dros da saavadmyofoSi aRmoCnda. didi winaprebis uRirsma STamomavalma dedasamSoblosTan misasvleli yvela gza moiWra, centrsa da regions Soris damakavSirebeli xidebi aafeTqa. es iyo ukanaskneli wveTi, romelmac ara marto mosaxleobis, aramed regionis saxelisuflebo struqturebSic araerTgvarovani reaqcia da protesti gamoiwvia. mravalaTasian mitings regionis inteligenciac SeuerTda.
Coloqis gamSveb punqts aqeT afeTqebul xidTan aTasobiT adamianma moiyara Tavi. es adgili saqarTvelos Sinagani jaris nawilebma daikaves, adgilze Cavida Sinagan saqmeTa saministros specdaniSnulebis razmi, romelmac Coloqis mimdebare danaRmuli teritoriis ganaRmviTi samuSaobebi daiwyo. analogiuri samuSaobebi mimdinareobda qaquTis teritoriazec.
saqarTvelos premier-ministrs zurab Jvanias, romelic baTumSi miemgzavreboda, gza aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis maSindeli ministris – jemal gogitiZis kontrolirebulma SeiaraRebulma xalxma gadauRoba. konfliqti mSvidobianad dasrulda da zurab Jvania baTumSi mimdinare saxalxo demonstracias SeuerTda. demonstrantebis ganzraxvas aWaris uzenaesi sabWos mimarTulebiT gadanacvlebuliyvnen, uwesrigo srola mohyva, mosalodneli eqscesebisagan Tavis dazRvevis mizniT aqciis monawileebma ukan daixies. daaxloebiT Ramis or saaTze aslan abaSiZis eskorti misi rezidenciidan aeroportis mimarTulebiT gavida. aslan abaSiZe igor ivanovTan erTad ruseTSi gafrinda.
saqarTvelos prezidentma – mixeil saakaSvilma qveynis mosaxleobisaTvis mimarTvaSi, Ramis samis TxuTmet wuTze ganacxada: ,,qarTvelebo aslani gaiqca, aWara Tavisufalia!“
giorgobis dResaswauli aslan abaSiZis gareSe gaTenda saqarTvelos ZirZvel kuTxeSi aWaraSi!
imperiuli zraxvebiT gamsWvaluli ruseTi dResac cdilobs xeli SeuSalos saqarTvelos winsvlas evrointegrirebis sakiTxebSi, natoSi Sesvlas da rac yvelaze mTavaria saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenas. is xan adamianTa uRirsi deportaciebiT, xan ekonomiuri blokadiT, xanac afxazeTsa da samaCabloSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis awiokebiT cdilobs zegavlena moaxdinos saqarTvelos mTavrobaze.
ruseTi _ Cveni ,,keTilis msurveli“ mezobeli.



boloTqma
Cven 1991 wels dabadebuli Taoba varT, amitomac davirqviT 91-wlianebi. Ees yvelaferi 91-dan daiwyo da Cven ufrosebis naambobidan viciT, video da foto-masalebidan vigebT, Tu rogor viTardeboda movlenebi.
amasobaSi Cven 16-wlisani gavxdiT da exla vacnobierebT, Tu ra saSinelebaa omi, ramdeni udanaSaulo adamianis sicocxle Seiwira man, ramdeni usaxlkarod darCa da dRemde devnilia. es wlebi Cveni istoriis samarcxvino furcelia. Cven gvinda rom mamebis Secdomebi Svilebma ar gavimeoroT, rom yvela devnili daubrundes Tavis gaciebul keras, aRadginos da aayvavos Tavisi kar-midamo. Cvenc vnaxoT afxazeTi da samaCablo iseTi lamazi da mSvenieri, rogoric es Cvens mSoblebs axsovT da uyvarT. Cvenc vixiloT keTilmezobluri da keTilganwyobili qarTvelebiT, afxazebiTa da osebiT dasaxlebuli soxumi da cxinvali, rac ase moenatra yvelas.
Cven is Taoba varT, romelmac unda Searigos afxazi da osi xalxi qarTvelebTan, rogorc es odiTganve iyo. Cven xom amxela tradiciebi gvakavSirebs erTmaneTTan, saerTo miwa-wyali da sisxliT naTesaoba gvaqvs.
Cven 91-wlianebi imediT gavyurebT momavals da gvjera, rom saqarTvelo gamTliandeba da gabrwyindeba!
gvjera didi ilias sityvebisa:
,,awmyo Tu ara gvwyalobs, momavali Cvenia!“






gamoyenebuli literatura:

g.gverdwiTeli, s.caiSvili ”9 aprili“ 1990w.

vaCnaZe, guruli ”saqarTvelos istoria X klasi“ 2002w.

s.ediSeraSvili ”vardebis revolucia“ 2003w.

vaCnaZe, guruli, baxtaZe ”saqarTvelos istoria IX klasi“ 2004w.

”ara oden xmliT“ gam. cicinaTela 2005w.

e.SevardnaZe ”fiqri warsulsa da momavalze“ 2006w.



proeqtze muSaobdnen:

giorgi feiqriSvili,mindia gogoWuri,zura wuwunava

ilias universiteti,jgufi 8-3

Tbilisi, 2010